DESIGN OF A FOUR BIT NUMERIC DATA TRANSCEIVER USING OPTICAL FREE SPACE COMMUNICATION

Department: Engineering - Telecomm

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Brief Overview of Free-Space Communication

Telecommunication is a process whereby information is encoded and transmitted over a distance through a channel or a medium by a sender to one or more receiver electronically (Advance English Dictionary). From the above definition the word that is to be emphasis is "distance" gotten from the Greek prefix "tele" meaning "distant". Distance is a major point to consider when building a telecommunication device or system, therefore scientist over the years have worked and are still working on different means to enhance the efficiency of the distance and data-rate of telecommunication systems. Examples of such works are in the area of Radio and Microwave communications, Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) or optical communication systems and wired communication technology among others [5].

Optical communication systems are in various form and have been used for thousands of years. Among the early users of this system are the Ancient Greeks, they polish their shields to sends signals during battle [6]. In modern era, semaphores and wireless solar telegraphs called heliographs have been developed using coded signal to communicate with the receiver.

1.2 Project Motivation

In today's data rich world, high speed connections has become almost as important as the internet itself, broadband is faster and more accessible than ever before. Almost 60 million people now pay premium to access data all over the world with high speed connection, millions more want to join but cannot [3]. Service providers are always tasked to deliver high-speed internet access to eagerly waiting customers but, lack of infrastructure, long distance challenges, cost, competitive and regulatory issues are a constant problems especially in Nigeria and Africa in general. But with development of (FSO) technology a shortcut to broadband connectivity can be created to link with existing networks such as wired and wireless local area networks (WLANs), fiber optics and even satellite. These networks can then be extended using invisible beams of light (LASER or IR-emitting diodes), resulting in a very fast broadband wireless connections with merits such as no spectrum licenses, no electromagnetic interference (EMI) and highly secured from vandalisation.

1.3 Aims and Objectives

The aim of this project is to design and produce an optical-base system for transmission of 4-bits single digit numeric data from one point to another using free-space optical communication to illustrate the working principle of an (FSO) system.

The objectives of this project are:

1. To design an optical-base transceiver system using free-space optics.

2. To design the model using infrared (IR) beams.

3. To achieve a reasonable distance of at least 10 meters.

4. To illustrate the basic fundamental principle of the (FSO) systems.

1.4 Methodology

The implementation of this project uses a digital serial transmission system where single numeric integers are sent using 4-bits coding system over an optical path sequentially. This system is efficient because it requires less signal processing thereby less chance of error compared to parallel transmission and thus a faster transfer rate. The model uses a transmitter which encodes the integers into 4-bit codes then to a binary-to-frequency converter, next is to an optical emitter over free-space and a receiver, which reproduces the numeric integer from the received optical signal using a seven segment display.

1.5 Scope of Study

This project seeks to cover the design and implementation of a 4-bit transceiver using optical transmission channel. The maximum range of communication between the optical transmitter and receiver is between 10 to 20 meters. Intercommunication link between both the transmitter and receiver systems is completely based on line of sight.

1.6 Project Outline

The Chapter one of this project introduce the entire work. Chapter two reviews LASER in free-space optical and modulation in data transmission, Chapter three deals with the design procedure, Chapter four covers the construction, testing and result analysis. Chapter five is the summery which consist of the conclusion, recommendation and references

DESIGN OF A FOUR BIT NUMERIC DATA TRANSCEIVER USING OPTICAL FREE SPACE COMMUNICATION

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