DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND PLANKTON COMPOSITION OF WAWAN-RAFI LAKE IN KAZAURE, NIGERIA

By

AHMED USMAN

Presented To

Biological Science Department

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ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the Physico-Chemical parameters and plankton composition of Wawan-

Rafi Lake in Kazaure, Nigeria. Monthly variation and composition of Physico-Chemical and

biological (plankton) parameters of Wawan-rafi Lake were studied for a period of six months

(July - December 2013). Result showed monthly variations of Physico-Chemical parameters.

Means of monthly values of pH ranges between 6.00-7.12, temperature ranged between 18 -

240C, and electrical conductivity was between 273.33Â�s/cm - 540.00Â�s/cm . Dissolve

oxygen (DO), Dissolved solid (DS) and Biological oxygen demand (BOD) Means of

monthly values ranges between 3.53Â�0.03 mg/l - 6.00Â�0.31mg/l, 103.67Â�5.78mg/l -

131.00Â�12.01mg/l, and 5.10Â�0.10mg/l - 6.83Â�0.20mg/l respectively. While Suspended Solid

(SS), sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) their Means of

monthly values ranges between 2.33Â�1.95mg/l - 96.00Â�8.96mg/l, 5.94Â�3.60mg/l -

14.98Â�0.09mg/l, 8.33Â�2.98mg/l - 16.73Â�0.88mg/l,8.97Â�0.63mg/l-10.37Â�0.38mg/l and

1.50Â�1.01mg/l-6.00Â�1.16mg/l respectively . Four Phytoplankton phyla were recorded, they

were dominated by Chlorophyta then Cyanophyta followed by Euglenophyta and

Bacillariophyta. The Zooplankton of the lake were made up of Protozoa, Rotifers and

Cladocera. Correlation matrix showed that there were significant correlation between

Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Physico-Chemical parameters. The composition of plankton

of Wawan-Rafi Lake were affected by seasonal variations and fluctuation of Physico-

Chemical parameters.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Content Page

Title page………………………………………………………………………….……….. ii

Dedication………………………………………………………………………………… iii

Declaration………………………………………………………………………… - - . iv

Certification……………………………………………………………………………… v

Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………….……… - vi

Abstract - ………………………………………………………………………… - - . vii

Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………… - viii

List of Tables…… - ……………………………………………………… - …………. xiii

List of Plates……………………………………………………………………… - - xiv

List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………… xv

List of Appendices……………………………………………………………… - ……. xvi

1.0 INTRODUCTION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 1

1.1 Background of the Study………………………………………………………… 1

1.2 Statement of the Research Problem.…………………………………………….. 4

1.3 Justification…………………………………………………..………… - - - . 5

1.4 Aim……………………………………………………………………… - ……… 5

1.5 Objectives………………………………………………………………… - … - . 5

1.6 Hypotheses..………………………………………………………………..……… 6

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………… - ……………… - .. 7

2.1 Physico-Chemical Parameters………………..……………………..……… - … - 7

2.1.1 Temperature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7

2.1.2 Turbidity………………………………………..……………………………… - .. 8

2.1.3 Water pH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 9

2.1.4 Water hardness - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 10

2.1.5 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10

2.1.6 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) - - - - - - - - - - - .. 11

2.1.7 Electrical conductivity of water - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12

2.1.8 Total dissolved solids (TDS) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 12

2.1.9 Phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13

2.1.10 Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 13

2.2 Biological Parameters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14

2.2.1 Studies on phytoplankton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14

2.2.2 Studies on zooplankton - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS……………………………………………… - 17

3.1 Study Area……………………………………………………………………… - 17

3.2 Sampling Stations…………………………………………………………..…… 17

3.3 Sampling Procedures……………………………………………………………. 17

3.4 Physico-Chemical Parameters………………………………………………….. 20

3.4.1 Determination of pH……………………………………………………………… 20

3.4.2 Determination of water temperature - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 20

3.4.3 Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) and

biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) - - - - - - - - - - - - . 20

3.4.4 Determination of electrical conductivity, dissolved solids (DS)

and Suspended Solid (SS) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 20

3.4.5 Determination of phosphate-phosphorus - - - - - - - - - - - . 22

3.4.6 Determination of nitrate-nitrogen - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..

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