Over the years, there has been tremendous increase in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) behavior of firms globally. However, the growing awareness seems to be occasioned by various degrees of commitment among firms. This study therefore, attempts to investigate the factors that determine the practice of CSR by listed conglomerates in Nigeria. Specifically, it proffers answers to whether profitability, firm size, firm growth and leverage significantly influence firms' CSR participation in the Nigeria conglomerates? It employed quantitative data from 2009 to 2013 which were sourced from the Annual Reports of seven (7) sampled companies. With the use of multiple linear regression models, the study selected explanatory variables such as profitability, firm size, firm growth and leverage in order to establish a functional relationship with CSR; the explained variable. 

The findings revealed that profitability and firm size are positively and significantly influencing CSR of conglomerates in Nigeria. While firm growth was found to be negative and insignificant in influencing CSR of conglomerates whereas, leverage showed a negative and significant effect in explaining and predicting CSR of conglomerates in Nigeria. The study concludes that profitability and size of firms determine CSR while growth does not influence CSR whereas, leverage negatively influence CSR. Therefore, it is recommended that management should review promotional strategies in order to make firms highly profitable; retained earnings should be improved in order to increase firms' size; CSR orientation should be cultivated especially by high growing firms; and firms should refrain from taking too much credit facility.