Creation of Digital Cadastre for Part of Sunshine Estate, Akure South Local Government Area, Ondo State.

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Traditionally the cadastre was created for fiscal purposes. This was already the case in

Antiquity such as Assyria, Egypt, and Rome. In the course of time the cadastre started to be used

also for other purposes. It came to be the basis for establishing land registers and at the same

time was used for the protection of property (Cichocinski, 1999). A system of records or

inventory of ownership and interest in land parcels is called a cadastre or cadastral system. A

land parcel refers to an area of land which may be identified as a unit for information recording

such as residential plot of land. A cadastre is supposed to provide statistics of all issues relating

to ownership, use and status of landed property in a given geographical area. According to Dale

(1976), a cadastre is a general systemic and up-to-date register of information about land parcels

including details of their area, value and ownership. All these definitions point to the fact that

land ownership information is an important mandate of a cadastre.

Computerization of land administration activities, involving the creation of a digital

cadastre as part of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), is considered necessary to improve data

access, useability, and coordination of land related activities (Carter et. al., 2007). Spatial Data

Infrastructure is the technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities

necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data (OMB, 2002).

Thus, digital cadastre is a tool for achieving land administration. Land administration is the

process whereby land and information about its ownership is effectively managed and in the

control of a central authority that regulates the structure and patterns of land ownerships, land

use and environmental and economic perspectives (Usman, 2010). An ideal land administration

must be able to include the provision of information on land in an effective and efficient way to

correctly identify those people who have interest in real estate and providing information about

these interests (such as duration of lease). It must also allow easy access to land for development

where it is needed, increase efficiency in land use management through good planning and

promote greater social equity. It should also allow for revenue generation to the government

(taxation), maintenance of environmental quality and provide security of tenure.

The International Federation of Surveyors (FIG, 1995) defines a cadastre as a parcel-

based and up-to-date land information system containing a record of interests in land (e.g. rights,

restrictions and responsibilities). It usually includes a geometric description of land parcels

linked to other records describing the nature of the interests, ownership or control of those

interests, and often the value of the parcel and its improvements. It may be established for fiscal

purposes (valuation and taxation), legal purposes (conveyancing), to assist in the management of

land and land-use planning (planning and administration), and enables sustainable development

and environmental improvement (Enemark et al., 1999).

The shortcomings of traditional, analogue cadastre, consisting of paper maps and land

register, have forced the improvement and upgrading of the cadastre, which can be observed in

many countries. These processes aimed at developing a fundamental data infrastructure for

future land administration and land management functions. They tend to proceed in two

directions: (1) the expansion of the classical cadastre model to cover new issues; (2) the

construction of land information systems (LIS) and, more generally, geographic information

systems (GIS), to a certain extent based upon the cadastre, which has already been running

(Cichocinski, 1999). The latter solution was adopted for this study involving the process of

conversion of the existing cadastre from the analogue to digital form and creation of the basis of

Land Information System (LIS) for the study area.

Due to increasing population growth in Akure metropolis and environs, arising from

urbanization and industrialization, there is currently high level of pressure on land resources in

the city, which urgently calls for the effective management of the resources. The Ondo State

Ministry of Lands and Housing charged with the allocation and management of lands in the state

is yet to fully incorporate digital method of data management. This makes data storage, update,

retrieval and processing extremely difficult task for the ministry. These issues impede decision

making in land related matters in the state.

The study area is one of the site and service schemes under the of the Governor Mimiko's

urban renewal programme aimed at making available serviced plot, dwelling houses, commercial

and industrial buildings in the state. In order to pursue the objectives of the programme, the Land

Records Bureau which would facilitate easy processing of certificate of occupancy was

commissioned in 2012 in Akure the state capital (Ondo State Ministry of Information, 2012).

The cadastral block layout plan of the area was prepared by the Ministry of Land and Survey

through the Office of the Survey-General in 2012. After field observation and all other cadastral

survey activities has been completed the same year, it was handed over to the Land Records

Bureau, Oyemekun Road, Akure for parcel allocation to interested indigenes of the state and to

facilitate easy processing of certificate of occupancy (Office of the Surveyor-General, Ondo

State).

This project focuses on the creation of a digital cadastre of the government-owned State

Residential Layout, Oda Road, Akure to demonstrate how its adoption would facilitate land

administration and management in Akure South Local Government Area; State Residential

Layout, Oda Road, Akure, as a case study. The digital cadastre is expected to be a computer-

based land administration system which will force standardization in the collation and processing

of land data; decrease the cost and space required for storing records; prevent unnecessary

duplication, facilitate access to land related data and provide built in mechanism for quality

control.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The data resulting from the classical model of land cadastre are now becoming

insufficient. In the course of economic development the demand for more varied information

items becomes increasingly pressing. Data stored in traditional cadastral systems fail to meet

requirements connected with supervision, management, decision-making, forecasting and

development planning. The most significant problems posed by analogue cadastre include low

precision of geometric data; quality and speed of data access; divergence between the map and

the register; and lack of supervisory tools.

The traditional method of data management has proved to be inefficient and

cumbersome. It is faced with problems such as redundancy (the unnecessary repetition or

duplication of data), high maintenance costs, difficulties in moving from one system to another,

difficulties in data sharing, lack of security and standard, lack of coherent corporate views of

data management among others.

The layout plan and records of State Residential Layout, Oda Road, Akure are in

analogue format. Updating the records of the estate in this analogue format is relatively

expensive and time consuming. There is little or no flexibility in handling the information of the

estate in this analogue format. Therefore the best way to minimize these enormous problems is

the comprehensive application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in plan production and

record keeping in other to facilitate its future updating with modern technique. Hence, the

creation of digital cadastre for State Residential Layout, Oda Road, Akure.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

1.3.1 AIM

The aim of the project is to design and create a digital cadastre for State Residential

Layout, Oda Road, Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State.

1.3.2 OBJECTIVES

The specific objectives of the study are as follows:

i. To develop the cadastral database or information system of the State Residential Layout,

Oda Road, Akure.

ii. To ascertain the functionality of the developed system by issuing queries and observing

how the system responds.

iii. To produce thematic maps and the composite map of the study area in GIS environment.

1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY

A digital cadastre forms the basis for any official activity related to real estate. Moreover,

it may serve the purpose of validating charges and other public obligations, such as legal

processing, the real estate market, land economy, and the completion of any spatial development

plan. A modern cadastral system can be referred to as a multitask or multipurpose cadastre. Its

fundamental importance for the future is the possibility of linkage with other subsystems, leading

to their integration within the frame of LIS/GIS structures.

The justification for creation of a Digital Cadastral Map is to promote the accessibility and

integration of spatial data in relation to land information. Rainsford (2002) claims the benefits of

having the parcel framework in digital form are enormous and include the possibility of plotting

property values or sales information on maps to assist in auditing values or analysing sales to determine rate tables; portrayal of various land uses to assist in urban planning, zoning or for

identifying nonconforming land uses; ability to graphically display state land parcels to assist in

planning, leasing and disposal activities; and land tax declarations are capable of being mapped

to discover properties and check land areas.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The project involves designing and creation of a digital cadastre for State Residential

Layout Behind Sunshine Estate, Oda Road, Akure South Local Government of Ondo State

comprising of a total 72 plots. It is limited to GIS integration of land ownership records and

maps, land use pattern, status, processing, queries/analysis and retrieval of information from the

cadastral map generated. Apart from developing a comprehensive database based on the exiting

cadastre already running for the developing estate including the judiciously use of multimedia

effort had also been taken to use and consult text books, journals, conference papers and seminar

proceedings in the report as well as cartographic presenting of the results in maps.

1.6 STUDY AREA

1.6.1 LOCATION

The study area is within Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State. Akure is located

within Ondo State in the South Western part of Nigeria (see figures 1a-c). It lies approximately

bounded with latitude 7âÂ�Â� 13’N to 7âÂ�Â� 19’ North of the Equator and longitude 5âÂ�Â� 07’E to 5âÂ�Â� 14’

East of the Greenwich Meridian on a relatively flat plain within the Western Nigerian plain and

is about 250 m above sea level. Akure is a medium-sized urban centre and became the provincial

headquarter of Ondo province in 1939. It also became the capital city of Ondo State and Akure

South Local Government headquarters in 1976. Akure is located approximately 700 kilometers

South West of Abuja, the Federal Capital of Nigeria and about 350 kilometers to Lagos the

former capital of Nigeria. State Residential Layout, Oda Road, Akure was chosen for the study.

The estate covers an approximate area of 11.142 hectares of land bounded with latitude 7âÂ�Â� 11’

15” to 7âÂ�Â� 15’ 44”N and longitude 5âÂ�Â� 31’ 18” to 5âÂ�Â� 33’ 51”E (figure 1d). Akure is one of the 18

Local Government areas of Ondo State bounded by Ifedore, Idanre and Akure North Local

Government Areas to the north, south and east respectively (figure 1b).

Figure 1(a) Map of Nigeria Showing Ondo State; (b) Map of Ondo State showing Akure South

LGA; (c) Map of the Akure South Local Government Area showing the Study Area.

Source: Author, 2014.

1.6.2 POPULATION

Akure’s population as at 2011 was put at 420, 594 (NPC, 2011). Akure as a people speaks Akure

local dialect which is form of “Yoruba” language of the Nigeria’s Yoruba ethnic group. Its

population has increased from 71,006 people in 1963 to 340,021 in 2006 (NPC, 2006), and has

been estimated to increase annually by more than 5%. The increase in annual growth of the

population has been tied to the administrative role of the town and its long standing role as a

centre of economic activities attracting a large spectrum of immigrants into it. Consequently, a

large percentage of the population is civil servants while others are craftsmen.

1.6.3 CLIMATE

Akure has two distinct seasons namely: dry and wet seasons. It has a relatively dry season from

November to March and a rainy season from April to October. Akure is characterized by a warm

humid tropical climate, with an average rainfall of about 1,500 mm per annum. Annual average

temperatures range between 21.4°C and 31.1°C, and its mean annual relative humidity is about

77.1%. Its climate supports variety of crops including yams, cassava, maize, bananas, rice etc.

1.6.4 VEGETATION

The vegetation in this area is of the tropical rainforest type. This is a zone that house vegetation

of green foliage of trees, shrubs and oil palm trees. Although cocoa is by far the most important

local commercial crop, teak, and palm produce are also cultivated for export. In addition to

elephant grass and all kinds of trees growing naturally in thick forests in Akure, arable crops are

cultivated and they include yams, cassava, maize, bananas, rice, okra, pumpkins among others.

1.6.5 WATER RESOURCES

Akure is endowed with few water resources. The major river traversing virtually all part of the

area is Ala River. River Ala as a major cultural heritage of the people is believed to have

traditional and socio-cultural significance. In addition to being a source of water supply all-year-

round for agricultural activities especially of the settlers, it is often visited locally for recreational

purposes. Besides this is a reasonably network of mostly seasonal streams and water bodies like

lakes and ponds. Some of the streams include Osisi stream, Odo-ikoyi stream and Ijapo stream.

📄 Pages: 77 🧠 Words: 9657 📚 Chapters: 5 🗂️️ For: PROJECT

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