Studies on the resistance of wheat to two cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum) were carried out in the glasshouse using some ancient wheats (Einkorn, Emmer and Spelt) as well as some modern wheat varieties (Bounty, Highbury, Mardler and Maris Kinsman). The diploid ancient wheat Einkorn was the least preferred by both cereal aphids and both aphids were also least fecund on this wheat. Infestation by S. avenae led to least reduction in the growth of Einkorn of the wheat varieties studied while infestation by M. dirhodum led to a moderate reduction in the growth of this same wheat. S. avenae spent a short time on this wheat and a small proportion of the time was spent feeding; most of the time was spent wandering. In contrast with modern varieties, the mode of infestation of the ear of Einkorn by S. avenae did not follow any definite pattern. This ancient wheat was also the least affected by mildew. Einkorn has clearly shown a high level of resistance to both cereal aphids exhibiting two components of resistance (antibiosis and preference). The ancient wheat Emmer (susceptible to M. dirhodum) and the hexaploid modern wheats Highbury and Mardler seem to show partial resistance to both cereal aphids but the primitive hexaploid wheat Spelt was very susceptible to both S. avenae and M. dirhodum. This study has shown that some ancient wheats are potential genetic sources for the control of cereal aphids but that others may be as susceptible as modern varieties. In this study, at least one of the ancient wheats (Spelt) was as susceptible as the modern Maris Kinsman.