The study investigated the relationship among locus of control, parent educational background and academic performance in Social Studies among secondary school students in Niger State, Nigeria. The study employed correlational design. The study was also guided by three (3) research questions and three (3) hypotheses. The population of the study consists of 105,034 Junior Secondary School Students in Niger State, Minna. A sample size of 370 was randomly selected proportionate through stratified sampling technique and used for the study. Three (3) instruments namely: Locus of Control Scale (LCS); Parent Educational Background Scale (BEBS) and Social Studies Performance Test (SSPT) were used for the study. Percentage, mean, standard deviation (SD), Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to test the hypotheses of the study. Findings revealed that significant relationship exists between internal locus of control and academic performance of Junior Secondary School students in Social studies (r = 0.717; p = 0.013), significant difference exists between external locus of control and academic performance of JSS students in Social studies (r = 0.721; p = 0.019), significant difference exists differences between internal locus of control and parents? parent educational background of Junior Secondary School Students (f = 9.331; p = 0.0029), significant difference exists between external locus of control and parents? educational background of Junior Secondary School Students (f = 7.971, p = 0.009) and significant difference also exists between parents educational background and academic performance of Junior Secondary School Students (f = 7.101; p = 0.004). On the basis of these findings, the following recommendations were made: parents, teachers, school psychologists and counsellors should be sensitized on students? locus of control and parent educational background as powerful predictor of academic performance among secondary school students; seminar, workshops and conferences should be organized to all stakeholder in education on the relationship between locus of control and parent educational background as it affects students? academic performance in schools