ABSTRACT
Beniseed (Sesamum indicum) is an essential oilseed crop renowned for its applications in food, cosmetics, and industrial sectors, and is culturally significant in Nigeria, where it is known as 'ridi,' 'ekuru,' and 'isasa' among various ethnic groups. Despite its economic and dietary importance, sesame production in Nigeria, particularly in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, faces challenges such as limited access to credit, modern farming techniques, and markets, constraining the productivity of small-scale farmers.

This study investigates the profitability of beniseed production in Lafia, focusing on the socio-economic characteristics of small-scale farmers, input-output levels, and challenges affecting production. It also analyzes the costs and returns of sesame farming to identify opportunities for improving farmer livelihoods and economic outcomes.

The research highlights critical issues such as high input costs, inadequate extension services, and insufficient investment in the sesame value chain. Its findings are intended to support policymakers, agricultural extension agents, and stakeholders in designing interventions to enhance sesame production and foster sustainable growth.

By exploring the profitability and constraints of sesame farming, this study contributes to strategies aimed at improving rural livelihoods and expanding sesame farming in Nasarawa State and beyond.

CHAPTERONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Beniseed, scientifically known as Sesamum indicum, is a vital oilseed crop globally recognized for its diverse uses in food, cosmetics, and industrial applications. In Nigeria, it is popularly known as "ridi" among the Hausa, "ekuru" among the Yoruba, and "isasa" among the Igbo tribes, showcasing its cultural significance. The crop’s adaptability to tropical climates and its ability to thrive in well-drained soils with long growing seasons make it a key agricultural product in regions such as Nasarawa State. The seeds are rich in oil content, antioxidants, and essential amino acids, which contribute to its high demand both locally and internationally.

Sesame farming is predominantly carried out by small-scale farmers, who play a crucial role in ensuring its availability. The crop not only provides a source of income but also serves as a vital component in the diets of rural households. In addition, sesame by-products, such as oil cake, are used as animal feed, enhancing the economic value chain associated with its production.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite its potential for enhancing farmers’ livelihoods and contributing to economic growth, sesame production in Nigeria faces numerous challenges. Small-scale farmers often lack access to essential resources such as credit facilities, improved seeds, and modern farming techniques. Moreover, issues such as inadequate extension services, high input costs, and limited market access further constrain productivity and profitability. Addressing these challenges is critical to maximizing the potential of sesame production in regions like Lafia.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The study focuses on the analysis of beniseed production, particularly in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The objectives are categorized as follows:

1.3.1 Broad Objective

• To examine the profitability of beniseed production in the study area.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

• To describe the socio-economic characteristics of small-scale sesame farmers.
• To identify the input and output levels of sesame production.
• To explore the challenges affecting sesame production in the study area.
• To analyze the costs and returns associated with beniseed farming.

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study provides valuable insights into the profitability and challenges of beniseed farming. The findings can guide policymakers, agricultural extension agents, and non-governmental organizations in designing targeted interventions to support sesame farmers. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for investment in the sesame value chain, which could drive economic growth and improve rural livelihoods. By addressing key constraints, the research aims to contribute to the sustainability and expansion of sesame farming in Nasarawa State and beyond.

1.5 Scope of the Study

The research focuses on small-scale sesame farmers in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State. It examines their socio-economic characteristics, farming practices, and the profitability of their operations. While the study primarily analyzes the financial aspects of sesame farming, it also explores the constraints faced by farmers and offers recommendations for improvement.

1.6 Organization of the Study

This thesis is structured into five chapters. Chapter One introduces the background, problem statement, objectives, significance, and scope of the study. Chapter Two reviews relevant literature on sesame production. Chapter Three details the research methodology. Chapter Four presents the results and discussion, while Chapter Five concludes the study with recommendations and implications for policy and practice.