The main objective of this work is to analyse the determinants of book keeping practices of selected Small and Medium Enterprises in Zaria. The population of this study comprised all the Small and Medium Enterprises in Zaria as at 31 December, 2015. The methodology adopted by this research is the survey research design with two stage analysis approach. The first stage is the questionnaire method which helped in identifying the determinants while the second stage of binary logistic regression analysis is employed to identify the most significant determinants of Book-Keeping by the SMEs. The findings revealed a strong positive relationship between Book-Keeping practice and knowledge and skill as well as source of finance; while ease of application, business performance and Management competence had a negative and insignificant effect on Book-Keeping practice. It is recommended that the owners and managers of the small and medium enterprises should embrace proper Book-Keeping practices for effective financial performance in their business. And for them to be able to keep their business financial records they have to be educated and have the knowledge of simple accounting or on the other hand they can hire professional accountants to do the job for them and also their financial records will also help them in accessing loan from various financial banks. The study concluded that the explanatory variables of this study can be expanded and further research can be conducted.