The study was conducted to evaluatethe economics of farmers‟ participation in the Nigeria agricultural insurance scheme in Kaduna State of Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 148farmers.Primary data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaires.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logit regression model and t-statistic test. The results showed that the mean age of the farmers was 44years. Majority of respondents (95%) were literateand most (74%) of themcultivated small-scale farms (0.1-3.0ha).Majority (67%)of the farmers had a mean farming experience of 9 years, 53% were not members of any cooperative group, 35% had no access to loans and of the 73.7% of the farmers that were aware of the Agricultural Insurance Scheme only 38.5% participated in the scheme. Results from the logit regression analysis showed that age, educational level, farm size, and amount of loan obtained were significant variables that influenced farmers‟ participation in the agricultural insurance scheme while gender, household size, membership of cooperative organization, contact with extension agents and farming experience were found to be insignificant in influencing farmers‟ participation in agricultural insurance scheme. Results of the t-statistic test revealed that farmers that participated in the Agricultural Insurance Scheme have had increased farm income compared to farmers that did not participate in the scheme. Major constraints encountered by the farmers participating in the Agricultural Insurance Scheme were fears expressed in indemnity payment, administrative bottlenecks, delay in assessment of losses, rigorous procedures in claim settlement, inaccessibility to insurance personnel and inadequate information dissemination.On the other hand, the major constraints faced by the administrators of the scheme were; inadequate infrastructure and administrative facilities, adverse selection and paucity of data, farmer apathy towards insurance, moral hazard, and spatial dispersion. It was therefore recommended thatextension agents and the Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation (NAIC) staffs should make deliberate efforts to educate the rural populace especially on the benefits of the scheme. NAIC should also evolve strategies for dealing with the existing apathy against insurance by improving their services to farmers, removing existing bureaucratic bottlenecks and thus, rendering more timely and efficient services to the farmers. Payments of compensations should be publicized on the media to erase farmers‟ apathy against insurance. Cash crops should be considered for inclusion in the scheme to encourage broad based participation. More staff should be engaged in the Nigeria Agricultural Insurance Corporation to enable them reach out to a vast majority of farmers to enhance participation.