ABSTRACT
Industries in cities are the nexus of economic growth and development. However, some industries are associated with problems owing to the effluent they discharge into the environment. In an attempt to regulatetf the nuisances created by industries, government enacted industrial location policy. The policy was effected through the establishment of industrial areas inform of estates in Nigerian cities. These areas are planned to promote and ensure an orderly location of industries in the cities. But this measure, as can be seen today, in most of the industrial areas is not as effective as can be expected. The physical planning problems of incompatibility to adjoining landuses, unplanned physical growth and environmental pollution are still manifested in many areas. It is not clear whether industrial areas were planned to integrate adjoining landuses, or indeed inspite of industrial area planning, adjoining landuses have grown to engulf the existing industrial area or indeed both. It is therefore, the aim of this study to analyze the effects of industrial landuse development including its problems as related to adjoining landuses, environmental quality and physical growth of Kaduna. In Kaduna, the existing industrial areas are not comprehensively planned to integrate adjoining landuses. Environmental pollution and existence of slums are manifested in most of the industrial areas. There was no conscious planning effort made to enforce landuse zoning regulations particularly between industries and residential areas. In Kakuri and Nasarawa industrial areas, there are problems of environmental pollution, locational incompatibility and unplanned residential development. Whereas Kudendan, Unguwa Mu'azu, Kawo and Hayin Banki industrial areas are yet to be fully developed, each has problems of inadequate landuse zoning controls. Industrial area at Hayin Banki has peculiar case of land holdings. Compensation was alleged not to have been paid to those people displaced. Environmental pollution especially air, ground water and farming areas are highly manifested. The consequence is reflected in the prevalence of indiscriminate pollution of the environment, unplanned residential development not only around but also within industrial areas. By implication, such situation is certainly inflicting cost on provision of city amenities in these areas. Investigations revealed that, there is no outlined institutional framework to ensure comprehensively planned industrial landuse development. Moreover, absence of policy documents to guide industrial landuse development has compounded the problem. Solutions to the identified problems of incompatible relationship between industries and adjoining residential development, environmental pollution and unplanned physical growth of the city are classified into two folds; The first is the proposed improvements on the existing institutional framework for the industrial landuse development. Among areas of improvements are identified solutions in each of the industrial areas and define functions for each of the participating organ. Areas of conflicts and duplication of duty are strictly avoided. Also, the need to have multi-disciplinary committee to over see the management of industrial areas to meet modern challenges of environmentalism is stressed and provided. ix The second solution lies on the policy aspect. Absence of comprehensive industrial landuse policy that emphasized on physical development instead of economic considerations is envisaged to be realistic. To this end, an interacted policy elements and strategies are outlined to ensure a comprehensively planned industrial landuse development in no distant future for Kaduna urban area.
