THE OXIDATIVE STRESS STATUS OF RATS FED ON OIL BEAN SEED MEAL

This study was on oxidative stress status of rat fed with Pentraclethra
macrophylla, otherwise known as African oil bean seed oil in English or Ugba in
Igbo. Sixteen male rats were distributed into four groups. 1 (control), then group 2,
3, and 4 as test groups. They were fed with their formulated meal (5%, 10%, 20%
inclussions) for 28 days. Group 1 was the control and were fed with the normal
feed, while group 2, 3 and 4 which were the test groups were fed with test feed
formula.. The parameters determined were MDA concentrations and catalase
activity. Serum MDA significantly increased (p<0.05) while the catalase activity
significantly decreased (p<0.05). This finding may be clinically significant to
individuals with predisposition to increased generation of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and other degenerative diseases. 

Title page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . i

Approval page - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ii

Dedication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iii

Acknowledgment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iv

Abstract - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - v

Table of content - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vi

1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

1.1 Aim and objective - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 2

2.0 Literature Review - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 3

2.1 Classification of oil bean - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

2.2 Composition of seed - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 5

2.3 Fatty acid composition of African oil bean seed - - - - - - - 6

2.4 Pharmacological uses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7

2.5 Anti nutrient in health - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 9

2.6 Oil bean and humans - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 12

2.6.1 Oil bean seed and animals - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 14

2.7 Oxidative stress - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16

2.7.1 Malondialdehyde - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 17

2.8 Catalase - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19

3.0 Materials and methods - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 21

3.1 Materials - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 21

3.2 Collection and identification of plant materials - - - - - - - .. 21

3.3 Animals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21

3.4 Preparation of oil bean seed meal for animal feeding - - - - - . 22

3.4 .1 Oil bean seed meal inclusion diet preparations - - - - - - . 22

3.4.2 Oil extraction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 22

3.5 Formulation of oil bean seed meal diet - - - - - - - - - 23

3.5.1 Oil bean seed based treatment diet (g/100g Diet) - - - - - - .. 23

3.5.2 Chemicals/Biochemicals - - - - - - - - - - - - . 23

3.6 Phytochemical screening - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24

3.6.1 Test for tannins - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 24

3.6.2 Test for alkaloids - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 25

3.6.3 Test for saponin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25

3.6.4 Test for flavonoids - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 26

3.6.5 Determination of phenols - - - - - - - - - - - - 27

3.7 Determination of fatty acid composition - - - - - - - - - 27

3.7.1 Determination of anthocyanin - - - - - - - - - - - . 28

3.8 Collection of blood sample - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 29

3.9 Test for malonaldelyde - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29

3.9.1 Catalase assay - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30

4.0 Result and discussion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32

4.1 Figure i fatty acid composition of extracted oil of pentraclethra macrophylla

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32

4.2 Figure ii malondialdehyde concentration of test and control animal - 34

4.3 Figure iii catalase concentration of test and control animals - - - .. 35

5.0 Discussion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 36

5.1 Recommendations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. 38